Lp(a) and LDL-C elevation in aortic valve calcification

Individuals with both elevated Lp(a) and LDL-C have a higher risk of aortic valve calcification (AVC) and aortic stenosis (AS) than those with raised levels of either lipoprotein alone and may, therefore, be most likely to benefit from novel Lp(a)-lowering agents and/or combined LDL-C and Lp(a) lowering.